氫氧化鉀又名苛性鉀、苛性堿、鉀灰，其化學(xué)式為KOH，是一種白色的粉末或片狀固體。氫氧化鉀是一種強堿，因此它也具有強腐蝕性。它的化學(xué)性質(zhì)可以跟燒堿相類比，都是會對人體造成灼傷，若不慎吸入會強烈刺激呼吸道。不慎口服燒傷消化道時甚有可能引起致死。因此慎用！

Potassium hydroxide, also known as caustic potassium, caustic alkali, or potassium ash, has the chemical formula KOH and is a white powder or flake solid. Potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali, therefore it also has strong corrosiveness. Its chemical properties can be compared to caustic soda, which can cause burns to the human body and can strongly irritate the respiratory tract if accidentally inhaled. Accidental oral administration of burns to the digestive tract may even cause death. Therefore, use with caution!

既然氫氧化鉀有如此大的潛在危害，為什么說它能去油污被人們所使用呢？

Since potassium hydroxide has such great potential hazards, why can it be used by people to remove oil stains?

這是因為，油脂實際上是混甘油酯的混合物，還有1%到1.3%的其他成份如游離的多種脂肪酸、糖類、甾醇、醇、烴、維生素和色素等。

This is because oil is actually a mixture of mixed glycerides, with 1% to 1.3% of other components such as free fatty acids, sugars, sterols, higher alcohols, higher hydrocarbons, vitamins, and pigments.

在酸、堿、酶的作用下油脂發(fā)生了水解反應(yīng)，生成了三分子脂肪酸和一分子甘油之故。

Under the action of acids, alkalis, and enzymes, oil undergoes hydrolysis reactions, generating three molecules of higher fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol.

如果單在堿性條件下例如氫氧化鉀的條件下水解則生成甘油和脂肪酸的鈉鹽，這鹽和甘油都能與水混溶，被水沖走。所以氫氧化鉀除油污能力是非常強的。

If hydrolyzed solely under alkaline conditions, such as potassium hydroxide, it produces sodium salts of glycerol and higher fatty acids, both of which can be miscible with water and washed away by water. So potassium hydroxide has a very strong ability to remove oil stains.

但鑒于其強腐蝕性，在操作時應(yīng)嚴格遵守操作規(guī)程。條件允許的話操作人員佩戴頭罩型電動送風(fēng)過濾式防塵呼吸器，穿橡膠耐酸堿服，戴橡膠耐酸堿手套。遠離易燃、可燃物。避免產(chǎn)生粉塵。避免與酸類接觸。

However, due to its strong corrosiveness, strict adherence to operating procedures should be observed during operation. If conditions permit, the operator should wear a hood type electric air supply filter dust respirator, rubber acid and alkali resistant clothing, and rubber acid and alkali resistant gloves. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with acids.

搬運時要輕裝輕卸，防止包裝及容器損壞。日常使用氫氧化鉀除油污時若皮膚不慎接觸應(yīng)立即脫去污染衣著，用大量的清水沖洗，嚴重時應(yīng)及時就醫(yī)。更多相關(guān)事項就來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.fahao168.com咨詢吧！

When transporting, it is necessary to load and unload gently to prevent damage to the packaging and containers. When using potassium hydroxide to remove oil stains in daily use, if the skin accidentally comes into contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of water. In severe cases, seek medical attention promptly. For more related matters, come to our website http://www.fahao168.com Consult!