碳酸鈉，又叫純堿、洗滌堿、蘇打等，常溫下為白色無氣味的粉末或顆粒。它是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，主要用于制作玻璃、肥皂、紙張及其它化學(xué)制品，并且還廣泛用于生活洗滌、酸類中和以及食品加工等。

Sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash, washing soda, soda, etc., is a white odorless powder or particle at room temperature. It is an important organic chemical raw material, mainly used in the production of glass, soap, paper, and other chemical products. It is also widely used in household washing, acid neutralization, and food processing.

碳酸氫鈉，俗稱小蘇打。它也是一種工業(yè)化學(xué)用品，固體50℃以上開始逐漸分解生成碳酸鈉、二氧化碳和水，270℃時完全分解。在大批量生產(chǎn)饅頭、油條等食品時，常把蘇打粉融水拌入面中，熱后分解成碳酸鈉、二氧化碳和水，二氧化碳和水蒸氣溢出，可致食品更加蓬松，碳酸鈉殘留在食品中。饅頭中添加過量的蘇打粉是可以品嘗出來的。

Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda. It is also an industrial chemical that gradually decomposes solids above 50 ℃ to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water, and completely decomposes at 270 ℃. In the mass production of Mantou, deep-fried dough sticks and other foods, soda powder is often mixed with melted water in noodles, which is decomposed into sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water after heating. The overflow of carbon dioxide and water vapor can make the food more fluffy, and sodium carbonate remains in the food. Mantou can be tasted by adding too much soda powder.

氫氧化鉀廠家來講講在化學(xué)中常用來區(qū)分碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉的方法有以下幾種：

Potassium hydroxide manufacturers will talk about the following methods commonly used to distinguish sodium carbonate from sodium bicarbonate in chemistry:

1.溶解度法。在兩支試管中放入同等質(zhì)量的兩種固體并加水震蕩，固體溶解完耗水多的是碳酸氫鈉，耗水少的是碳酸鈉。該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：碳酸鈉的溶解度比碳酸氫鈉強(qiáng)。

1. Solubility method. Put two solids of the same quality into two test tubes and shake them with water. After the solid is dissolved, sodium bicarbonate consumes more water, while sodium carbonate consumes less water. This experiment shows that the solubility of sodium carbonate is stronger than that of sodium bicarbonate.

2.指示劑法。向用水完全溶解等量兩種固體的兩個試管里各滴入兩滴酚酞溶液，產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)后液體會變成紅色，紅色較淺的碳酸氫鈉，較深的是碳酸鈉。該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：碳酸鈉的堿性比碳酸氫鈉強(qiáng)。

2. Indicator method. Drop two drops of phenolphthalein solution into two test tubes that completely dissolve the same amount of two solids in water. After the reaction, the liquid will turn red, with a lighter red color of sodium bicarbonate and a darker color of sodium carbonate. The experiment showed that the alkalinity of sodium carbonate was stronger than that of sodium bicarbonate.

3.鹽酸反應(yīng)法。向放有兩種固體的試管內(nèi)分別加入少量鹽酸，快速產(chǎn)生氣體的是碳酸氫鈉，開始不產(chǎn)生氣體一段時間后才產(chǎn)生氣體的是碳酸鈉。碳酸氫鈉比碳酸鈉更容易跟稀鹽酸反應(yīng)。

3. Hydrochloric acid reaction method. Add a small amount of hydrochloric acid to the test tube containing the two solids, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate quickly generates gas, and sodium carbonate does not generate gas for a period of time before generating gas. Sodium bicarbonate reacts more easily with dilute hydrochloric acid than sodium carbonate.

4.熱穩(wěn)定法。加熱兩個不同固體的試管并將產(chǎn)生的氣體通過澄清的石灰水，石灰水變渾濁的該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：是碳酸氫鈉，不變的是碳酸鈉。該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：碳酸氫鈉受熱易分解，而碳酸鈉熱穩(wěn)定性較好。

4. Thermal stability method. The experiment of heating two test tubes with different solids and passing the resulting gas through clarified limewater, which became turbid, showed that it was sodium bicarbonate, while the unchanged one was sodium carbonate. The experiment shows that sodium bicarbonate is easy to decompose when heated, while sodium carbonate has good thermal stability.

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